Definition of Biodiversity. Biodiversity (biological diversity) is a term that encompasses all forms of discussion of life, scientifically classified according to the scale of biological organization, including genes, species of plants, animals, and microorganisms and the ecosystems and ecological processes.
In brief definition of biodiversity is the diversity of living things and matters relating to ecology, in which living beings are included. Biodiversity includes three levels which includes genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity.
Some facts about the biodiversity of Indonesia, among others:
1. Indonesia's coral reefs have a high diversity with more than 18% of world's coral reefs, as well as more than 590 types of coral, 2500 species of fish, 2500 types of mollusk, and 1500 species of crustaceans.
Indonesia is home to about 1/8 of coral reefs and the world is a country rich in diversity of aquatic biota compared with other countries in Southeast Asia.
The greatest stretch of coral reefs and the richest in terms of the number of species of coral, fish and molluscs found in the Indo-Pacific region that stretches from Indonesia to Polynesia and Australia and to the west is the Pacific Ocean to East Africa.
2. Biodiversity largest orchid in the world:
six thousand species of orchids, ranging
of the greatest (or Grammatophyllum speciosum Tiger Orchid)
to the smallest (Taeniophyllum, which no leaves), including
Black Orchid is rare and found only in Papua.
there are 29 protected orchids in Indonesia because of its rarity:
- Ascocentrum miniatum (Orchid kebutan)
- Coelogyne pandurata (Black Orchid)
- Corybas fornicatus (Orchid koribas)
- Hartinahianum cymbidium (orchid Hartinah)
- Dendrobium catinecloesum (Orchid karawai)
- Dendrobium d'albertisii (Orchid albert)
- Dendrobium lasianthera (Orchid stuberi)
- Dendrobium macrophyllum (Orchid emerald)
- Dendrobium ostrinoglossum (Orchid karawai)
- Dendrobium phalaenopsis (Orchid Larat)
- Grammatophyllum papuanum (giant orchid Irian)
- Grammatophyllum speciosum (cane orchids)
- Macodes petola (Orchid ki characters)
- Paphiopedilum chamberlainianum (Orchid shoe mustache)
- Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum (Orchid feathered sandals)
- Paphiopedilum praestans (Orchid shoe ribbon)
- Paraphalaenopsis denevei (Orchid Moon Star)
- Paraphalaenopsis laycockii (Orchid Central Kaliman months)
- Paraphalaenopsis serpentilingua (Orchids in West Kalimantan)
- Phalaenopsis amboinensis (Orchid in Ambon)
- Phalaenopsis gigantea (Giant Orchid months)
- Sumatrana Phalaenopsis (Orchid in Sumatra)
- Violacose Phalaenopsis (Orchid twinkle)
- Renanthera Matutina (orange orchids)
- Spathoglottis zurea (Orchid spoon)
- Celebica Vanda (Vanda petite Minahasa)
- Vanda hookeriana (Vanda pencil)
- Vanda pumila (Vanda mini)
- Sumatrana Vanda (Vanda Sumatra)
3. Biodiversity birds reached 17% bird species in the world.
some bird species in Indonesia:
Phalacrocorax sulcirostris
Anhinga melanogaster
Fregata ariel
Fregata andrewsi
Ardea cinerea
Ardea purpurea
Butorides striatus
Ardeola speciosa
Bubulcus ibis
Egretta sacra
Egretta alba
Egretta intermedia
Egretta garzetta
Nycticorax nycticorax
Nycticorax caledonicus
Ixobrychus eurythymus
Ixobrychus sinensis
Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
Mycteria cinerea
Ciconia episcopus
Leptoptilos javanicus
Dendrocygna javanica
Anas gibberifrons
Pandion haliaetus
Pernis ptilorhynchus
Haliastur indus
Haliaeetus leucogaster
Ichtyophaga ichtyaetus
Spilornis cheela
Accipiter gularis
Accipiter virgatus
Accipiter trivirgatus
Accipiter soloensis
Ictinaetus malayensis
Spizaetus cirrhatus
Spizaetus bartelsi
Microhierax fringillarius
Falco moluccensis
Falco severus
Falco peregrinus
Gallus gallus
Gallus varius
Pavo muticus
Turnix sylvatica
Turnix suscicator
Porxzana cinerea
Amaurornis phoenicurus
Gallinula chloropus
Hydrophasianus chirurgus
Pluvialis squaratola
Pluvialis fulva
Charadrius dubius
Charadrius alexandrinus
Charadrius javanicus
Charadrius leschnaultii
Numenius arquata
Numenius phaeopus
Limosa limosa
Limosa lapponica
Tringa totanus
Tringa nebularia
Tringa glareola
Xenus cinereus
Actitis hypoleucos
Calidris tenuirostris
Calidris ruficollis
Himantopus leucocephalus
Glareola maldivarum
Sterna hirundo
Sterna albifrons
Sterna bergii
Sterna bengalensis
Sterna nilotica
Treron olax
Treron vernans
Ducula lacernulata
Macropygia emiliana
Streptopelia bitorquata
Streptopelia chinensis
Geopelia striata
Chalcophaps indica
Psittacula alexandri
Loriculus galgulus
Loriculus pusillus
Cuculus sparverioides
Cuculus micropterus
Cuculus canorus
Cuculus saturatus
Cacomantis soneratii
Cacomantis merulinus
Cacomantis sepulcralis
Surniculus lugubris
Eudynamis scolopacea
Phaenicophaepus javanicus
Phaenicophaepus curvirostris
Centropus sinensis
Centropus bengalensis
Centropus nigrorufus
Tyto alba
Otus lempiji
Caprimulgidae
Caprimulgus macrurus
Caprimulgus affinis
Collocalia fuciphaga
Collocalia maxima
Collocalia linchii
Hirundapus caudacutus
Rhaphidura leucopygialis
Apus pacificus
Apus nipalensis
Cypsiurus balasiensis
Hemiprocne longipennis
Alcedo meninting
Alcedo coerulescens
Ceyx rufidorsa
Halcyon cyanoventris
Todirhamphus chloris
Todirhamphus sanctus
Merops leschenaulti
Merops philippinus
Eurystomus orientalis
Aceros undulatus
Megalaima lineta
Megalaima javensis
Megalaima armillaris
Megalaima australis
Dinopium javanense
Dendrocopos macei
Dendrocopos moluccensis
Pitta guajana
Hirundo rustica
Hirundo tahitica
Delichon dasypus
Hemipus hirundinaceus
Tephrodornis gularis
Coracina javensis
Lalage nigra
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus
Pericrocotus miniatus
Pericrocotus flammeus
Aegithina tiphia
Chloropsis sonneratii
Pycnonotus atriceps
Pycnonotus melanicterus
Pycnonotus aurigaster
Pycnonotus bimaculatus
Pycnonotus goiavier
Pycnonotus plumosus
Pycnonotus simplex
Alophoixus bres
Iole virescens
Dicrurus macrocercus
Dicrurus leucophaeus
Dicrurus annectans
Dicrurus hottentottus
Oriolus chinensis
Crypsirina temia
Corvus enca
Psaltria exilis
Parus major
Sittidae
Sitta frontalis
Sitta azurea
Pellorneum capistratum
Malacocincla sepiarium
Malacopteron cinereum
Pomatorhinus montanus
Napothera macrodactyla
Pnoepyga pusilla
Stachrys grammiceps
Stachrys melanothorax
Macronous flavicollis
Garrulax rufriforns
Pteruthius faviscapis
Pteruthius aenobarbus
Alcippe pyrrhoptera
Brachypteryx leucophrys
Eunicurus velatus
Myophoneus glaucinus
Myophoneus caeruleus
Gerygone sulphurea
Sicercus grammiceps
Abroscopus superciliaris
Phylloscopus trivirgatus
Acrocephalus stentoreus
Acrocephalus orientalis
Megalurus palustris
Orthotomus sutorius
Orthotomus ruficeps
Orthotomus sepium
Tesia superciliaris
Cettia vulcanica
Prinia inornata
Prinia flaviventris
Prinia familiaris
Prinia polychroa
Cisticola juncidis
Rhinomyias olivacea
Muscicapa sibirica
Muscicapa daurica
Eumyias indigo
Ficedula zanthopygia
Ficedula westermanni
Cyanoptila cyanomelana
Cyornis unicolor
Culicicapa ceylonensis
Rhipidura phoenicura
Rhipidura euryura
Rhipidura javanica
Hypothimis azurea
Pachycephala grisola
Motacila cinerea
Artamus leucorhynchus
Lanius schach
Sturnus sturnius
Acridotheres javanicus
Anthreptes malacensis
Nectarinia sperata
Nectarinia jugularis
Aethopyga eximina
Aethopyga siparaja
Aethopyga temminckii
Arachnothera longirostra
Arachnothera robusta
Dicaeum agile
Dicaeum trigonostigma
Dicaeum concolor
Dicaeum cruentatum
Dicaeum maugei
Dicaeum sanguinolentum
Dicaeum trochileum
Zosterops palpebrosus
Zosterops montanus
Zosterops flavus
Lophozosterops javanicus
Amandava amandava
Lonchura leucogastroides
Lonchura punctulata
Lonchura ferruginosa
Lonchura maja
Passer montanus
4. Largest maritime country, the second longest coastline, the third largest area of tropical forest, the highest number of shark species and other
Unfortunately biodiversity in Indonesia began to be threatened by deforestation, species extinction, and so forth.
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